Childhood cavities are one of the most common dental issues children face. In fact, according to the CDC, about 1 in 5 children aged 5 to 11 has at least one untreated decayed tooth. Cavities, though common, can cause pain, infection and even affect a child’s development. At Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics of Chattanooga, we are committed to educating families about the causes of cavities, ways to prevent them, and how we can help if treatment is needed. Here’s what every parent should know about understanding and treating childhood cavities.
What Causes Cavities in Children?
Cavities, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, are holes that form when the outer layer of the tooth, called enamel, breaks down. This happens when acids, created by bacteria feeding on sugars, start to wear away the enamel. In children, cavities can be more prevalent due to various factors, including their diet, developing enamel and habits related to oral hygiene.
- Diet: Sugary foods and drinks, such as candies, juices and sodas, provide fuel for bacteria. When bacteria feed on these sugars, they produce acids that break down the enamel and start the process of decay.
- Oral Hygiene: Children are still learning good brushing and flossing habits, so plaque—a sticky, bacteria-filled film—often accumulates on their teeth. Without proper removal, this plaque hardens and continues to produce acids that damage enamel.
- Developing Enamel: Children’s enamel is not as fully developed or strong as adult enamel, making it more susceptible to decay.
Why Are Cavities in Baby Teeth a Concern?
Though baby teeth eventually fall out, they play an essential role in a child’s oral development. They help with speech, chewing and hold space for permanent teeth. Cavities in baby teeth can cause pain, affect eating, and, if untreated, can even lead to infections that harm developing permanent teeth. That’s why treating cavities in baby teeth is just as important as caring for permanent teeth.
Signs of a Cavity in Children
It’s essential to recognize the early signs of a cavity so that you can get your child the care they need as soon as possible. Here are a few indicators:
- Tooth Sensitivity or Pain: Your child might experience discomfort or pain when eating hot, cold, or sweet foods.
- Visible Holes or Dark Spots: Cavities may appear as small holes or dark spots on the surface of the tooth.
- Swelling or Redness: Swelling around the tooth or gums could indicate a cavity or infection.
If you notice any of these signs, make an appointment with a pediatric dentist for an evaluation. The sooner a cavity is identified, the easier it is to treat and the more comfortable the experience will be for your child.
Preventing Cavities: What Parents Can Do
While cavities are common, they are also preventable. With consistent care and a few simple changes, you can help reduce your child’s risk of developing cavities.
- Good Oral Hygiene: Start brushing your child’s teeth as soon as the first tooth appears using a small, soft-bristled brush and a rice-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste. Increase the amount to a pea-sized portion by age 3 and introduce flossing once their teeth touch.
- Limit Sugary Foods and Drinks: Foods high in sugar or starch can increase the risk of cavities. Opt for snacks like fresh fruit, cheese, and vegetables and encourage drinking water throughout the day to rinse away food particles.
- Regular Dental Visits: Routine dental check-ups allow your child’s dentist to monitor their oral health, provide professional cleanings and apply preventive treatments like fluoride or sealants.
- Fluoride and Sealants: Fluoride strengthens enamel, while sealants can cover the grooves on the chewing surfaces of back teeth, where cavities are most likely to develop.
- Nighttime Bottles: If your child goes to bed with a bottle, only fill it with water. Milk, juice, or formula contain sugars that can linger on teeth overnight and lead to decay.
Treating Cavities in Children
If your child does develop a cavity, treatment options depend on the extent of the decay:
- Fillings: For small cavities, the decayed portion of the tooth is removed and filled with a safe material to restore the tooth’s shape and function.
- Crowns: Larger cavities may require a crown to cap the tooth and protect it. Pediatric crowns are commonly used on baby teeth to restore them until they naturally fall out.
- Pulpotomy (Baby Root Canal): If the cavity has reached the tooth’s inner pulp, a pulpotomy may be necessary. This procedure involves removing the infected pulp while preserving the rest of the tooth.
- Extraction: In cases where a cavity has caused significant damage, the affected tooth may need to be removed. Your child’s dentist will discuss options to ensure proper space for permanent teeth.
Importance of Early Treatment
Early treatment of cavities prevents pain, infection and further decay, supporting your child’s overall health and development. Untreated cavities can affect your child’s eating, speaking and self-esteem, impacting their daily life and well-being.
At Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics of Chattanooga, we understand that dental visits can be a new experience for many children. That’s why our team is dedicated to providing a friendly, comfortable environment that eases any anxiety. We use gentle techniques, explain procedures in simple terms and prioritize making each visit positive and engaging.
Building Lifelong Healthy Habits: Request Your Consultation Today
Early dental care isn’t just about treating problems—it’s about building habits that can last a lifetime. By starting healthy oral hygiene routines early, children learn the importance of caring for their teeth, which can lead to fewer cavities and better overall health as they grow.
If you have questions about your child’s oral health, request your consultation with Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics of Chattanooga today.
